Predicting Candidates Using Input Scopes

ABSTRACT

Embodiments are configured to provide one or more candidates based in part on an input identifier associated with an input interface. In an embodiment, a system includes an input method editor (IME) that can be configured to provide one or more candidates based in part on a prediction model and one or more input scope values associated with an input interface. The IME can also operate to store an entered string including one or more associated input scope values to a storage component. The stored information can be used when suggesting candidates.

BACKGROUND

Computing devices, including handheld mobile devices, have becomeessential tools for both business and personal uses. The size andportability of handheld mobile devices make them particularly attractiveto users. Advances in computing power and storage capacity have madehandheld computing devices even more attractive. However, the limitedsize of some input controls and displays can adversely affect the userexperience. For example, handheld devices tend to have input deviceswith small form factors that can be awkward to use, such as a 12-keykeypad or T9 type interface. Correspondingly, it may be more difficultand require more time to manually enter inputs due in part to the typeof input device. Text prediction methods have been developed to try andreduce the amount of manual input required by application users,including handheld applications users.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended asan aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Embodiments are configured to provide one or more candidates based inpart on an input identifier associated with an input interface. In anembodiment, a system includes an input method editor (IME) that can beconfigured to provide one or more candidates based in part on aprediction model and one or more input scope values associated with aninput interface. The IME can be further configured to store an enteredstring including one or more associated input scope values to a storagecomponent. The stored information can be used when suggestingcandidates.

These and other features and advantages will be apparent from a readingof the following detailed description and a review of the associateddrawings. It is to be understood that both the foregoing generaldescription and the following detailed description are explanatory onlyand are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system to provide information.

FIGS. 2A and 2B depict an example of a computing device illustrating apresentation of one or more suggested candidates.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of providinginformation based in part on an input identifier.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that illustrates an example of using an IME inconjunction with a plurality of applications to present one or morecandidates to a user based in part on an input scope value.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary computingenvironment for implementation of various embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments are configured to provide one or more candidates based inpart on an input identifier associated with an input interface. In anembodiment, a system includes an input method editor (IME) having aprediction component that can be configured to provide one or morepotential candidates based in part on a prediction model. The IME canrefine the prediction by presenting one or more candidates based in parton one or more input scope values associated with an input interface.For example, a computing device can include the IME for use acrossapplications executing on the computing device.

The IME can be further configured to store an entered string includingone or more associated input scope values to a storage component. Thestored information can be used when predicting future candidates basedin part on an input scope value or values associated with a particularinput interface. The IME can be used in conjunction with a variety ofapplications, input methods and types. For example, the functionality ofthe IME can be used with text-based applications having keyed inputcontrols, handwritten-based or inking applications, speech-basedapplications, and other applications that can be configured to receiveuser input. The functionality of the IME can also be used with multiplelanguages.

In one embodiment, a mobile computing device includes an IME applicationhaving executable instructions that can be executed to present one ormore candidates as part of a candidate window that is associated with aninput interface. The IME application can operate to predict the one ormore candidates based in part on a prefix matching determination usinginput history data and an input scope value associated with the inputinterface of an application. The IME application can operate to storeuser input including an associated input scope to an input historybuffer or other memory. The IME application can be used with differentinput types, such as handwritten input, speech input, typed input, orsome other type of input.

In another embodiment, a software application can be configured toprovide one or more candidates based in part on an input scope value orvalues across a plurality of disparate applications. The softwareapplication can operate to determine a word, phrase, or other stringthat a user is attempting to input into one or more of the disparateapplications to assist the user to input the information faster and withless effort. The software application can be installed on a computingdevice and used to provide text prediction, handwriting prediction,vocalized prediction, and other types of candidate prediction. Thesoftware application can be used to suggest one or more candidates basedin part on user input, such as typed input, spoken input, or handwritteninput for example.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system 100, according to an embodiment.As described below, components of the system 100 can be configured toprovide one or more candidates based in part on an input identifierassociated with an input interface. For example, the system 100 canoperate to present strings, such as words, phrases, compound words,acronyms, number sequences, and/or other information representations toa user based in part on the user's input, such as handwritten, spoken,typed, or another type of input. The system 100 can be used with varioustypes of inputs, including different language models and input methods.As described below, in various embodiments, one or more input scopevalues can be associated with an input interface, such as an input fieldor editable control that is configured to receive a user's input. Forexample, an input field of an application can be tagged with one or moreinput scope values which can be used when providing one or morecandidates to a user.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 includes an input method editor (IME)102 that can operate to provide one or more candidates based in part onan input scope associated with an input interface of an application orother component. For example, the IME 102 can be used in conjunctionwith a number of applications running on a computing device to predictand suggest one or more words or other strings to a user based in parton an input scope value assigned to an input field of an application.The IME 102 includes a prediction component 104 that can be used topredict one or more potential candidates as part of an input operation,but the prediction component 104 is not so limited.

In an embodiment, the prediction component 104 includes a predictionmodel or algorithm that can be used to predict candidates based in parton user input to an editable field of an application. For example, theprediction component 104 can operate to return one or more potentialcandidates, such as candidate strings, based in part on an associatedpredictive probability which can include usage frequency parameters,statistical parameters, n-gram and/or other probability models, etc.

In one embodiment, the prediction component 104 includes an inputhistory candidate provider (IHCP) that can operate to predict candidatesusing a prefix matching determination to identify candidates by matchingone or more input characters with strings that are stored in the storagecomponent 106. The IME 102 can further refine candidates to be presentedto a user by using one or more input scope values to filter thepredicted or potential candidates provided by the prediction component104. In another embodiment, the prediction component 104 can include therefining or filtering functionality of the IME 102.

The system 100 also includes a storage component 106, such as a memoryor other storage device. The storage component 106 can be a local store,a remote store, or some combination thereof for storing information. Forexample, the storage component 106 can include random access memory(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, and/or some other type ofmemory. As shown in FIG. 1, the storage component 106 includes an inputhistory store 108, a fixed data store 110, and a dictionary 112. In oneembodiment, the fixed data store 110 includes one or more fixed datasets that include data that does not change, such as month names,weekday names, etc. An input scope value or values can be associatedwith certain input interfaces to identify fixed data types so that theIME 102 can use the fixed data store 110 when suggesting candidates. Inone embodiment, the dictionary 112 includes statistical informationassociated with a probability of certain words appearing in proximity toother words.

The input history store 108 includes input history data and input scopeinformation associated with the input history data. In one embodiment,the input history store 108 includes data, such as strings for example,that a user has previously entered or selected from a candidate list,but is not so limited. The input history store 108 can also includestatistical information regarding the probability of one stringappearing in proximity to another string. A string can refer to asequence of one or more alphanumeric characters and/or symbols includingwords, compound words, phrases, Internet addresses, email addresses,telephone numbers, passwords, credit card numbers, street addresses,etc.

The input scope information can be stored with the input history data toidentify a data type or input type that can be used when filteringpredicted candidates, but is not so limited. Moreover, input scopeinformation can also be preconfigured for the static dictionary data. Inone embodiment, an input scope value (see Table 1 below) can be storedin the input history store 108 with each entered string to identify adata type or input type that can be used when providing one or morecandidates to a user. For example, the IME 102 can use an applicationprogramming interface (API) to identify an input scope value that isassociated with an input field of an application, wherein the IME 102can store the identified input scope value with associated data in theinput history store 108.

Moreover, an identified input scope value can be used to refine orfilter predicted or potential candidates provided by the predictioncomponent 104, so that the most relevant candidates are presented to theuser based in part on an associated input scope value. In oneembodiment, the input history data can be stored separately from theinput scope information and pointers or links can be used to associatecertain data with one or more input scopes. In another embodiment, theinput history store 108 can include input scope containers that includeinput history data, wherein each input scope container includes a dataset of input data associated with the particular input scope.

As described below, an input scope value can be used when suggesting oneor more strings or candidates from the input history store 108. Forexample, the IME 102 can operate to suggest one more candidates to auser which have an input scope value that is the same as the input scopevalue that is associated with the input interface that a user iscurrently using to enter some string. The IME 102 can also operate tocheck the dictionary 112 and/or fixed data store 10, when appropriate,to identify one or more candidates that match a given prefix that theuser has typed so far if the IME 102 does not find enough candidates inthe input history store 108 to fill a candidate suggestion interfacewith a designated number of candidates. The IME 102 can add anyadditional candidates to the candidate suggestion interface until themaximum number of candidates allowed to be presented is reached.

However, if a default input scope value is associated with an inputinterface, the IME 102 can operate to provide one or more candidatesfrom the input history store 108 without limiting to a particular inputscope value. That is, when a default value is associated with a currentinput interface being used by a user to input one or more characters(i.e., the input interface has focus), the IME 102 operates to provideone or more candidates using the input history data, with certainexceptions, from the input history store 108 and static data from thedictionary 112, based in part on the user input. In some cases, the IME102 can operate to exclude certain candidates or all candidatesassociated with certain input scope values from being suggested that maynot make sense in the current context. For example, the IME 102 can beconfigured to exclude candidates tagged with an input resource locator(URL) input scope value when a user is entering text in an email messagebody that includes a default value.

According to one embodiment, the following input scope values shown inTable 1 can be used to identify an input scope, such as a data type orinput type for example:

TABLE 1 Input Scope Description Value IS_DEFAULT Default type 0x0000IS_URL Uniform Resource Locator 0x0001 IS_FILE_FULLFILEPATH File path0x0002 IS_FILE_FILENAME File name 0x0003 IS_EMAIL_USERNAME Emailusername 0x0004 IS_EMAIL_SMTPEMAILADDRESS SMTP email address 0x0005IS_LOGINNAME User login name 0x0006 IS_PERSONALNAME_FULLNAME User fullname 0x0007 IS_PERSONALNAME_PREFIX User name prefix 0x0008IS_PERSONALNAME_GIVENNAME User given name 0x0009IS_PERSONALNAME_MIDDLENAME User middle name or initial 0x000AIS_PERSONALNAME_SURNAME User surname 0x000B IS_PERSONALNAME_SUFFIX Username suffix 0x000C IS_ADDRESS_FULLPOSTALADDRESS Complete postal address0x000D IS_ADDRESS_POSTALCODE Zip code 0x000E IS_ADDRESS_STREET Streetaddress 0x000F IS_ADDRESS_STATEORPROVINCE State or Province 0x0010IS_ADDRESS_CITY City 0x0011 IS_ADDRESS_COUNTRYNAME Country 0x0012IS_ADDRESS_COUNTRYSHORTNAME Country abbreviated 0x0013IS_CURRENCY_AMOUNTANDSYMBOL Currency amount and 0x0014 symbolIS_CURRENCY_AMOUNT Currency amount 0x0015 IS_DATE_FULLDATE Full date(month, day, year) 0x0016 IS_DATE_MONTH Month (numerical) 0x0017IS_DATE_DAY Day (numerical) 0x0018 IS_DATE_YEAR Year (numerical) 0x0019IS_DATE_MONTHNAME Month name 0x001A IS_DATE_DAYNAME Day name 0x001BIS_DIGITS Digit 0x001C IS_NUMBER Number 0x001D IS_ONECHAR Singlecharacter 0x001E IS_PASSWORD Password 0x001FIS_TELEPHONE_FULLTELEPHONENUMBER Full telephone number 0x0020IS_TELEPHONE_COUNTRYCODE Country code 0x0021 IS_TELEPHONE_AREACODE Areacode 0x0022 IS_TELEPHONE_LOCALNUMBER Local telephone number 0x0023IS_TIME_FULLTIME Time 0x0024 IS_TIME_HOUR Hour 0x0025 IS_TIME_MINORSECMinutes or seconds 0x0026 IS_NUMBER_FULLWIDTH Number 0x0027IS_ALPHANUMERIC_HALFWIDTH Alphanumeric 0x0028 IS_ALPHANUMERIC_FULLWIDTHAlphanumeric 0x0029 IS_CURRENCY_CHINESE Chinese currency 0x002AIS_BOPOMOFO Mandarin type 0x002B IS_HIRAGANA Japanese type 0x002CIS_KATAKANA_HALFWIDTH Japanese type 0x002D IS_KATAKANA_FULLWIDTHJapanese type 0x002E IS_HANJA Chinese type 0x002F IS_YOMI Japanese type0x0030

With continuing reference to FIG. 1, the system 100 also includes anumber of applications 114(1)-114(n) (where n=0, 1, 2, . . . ). One ormore of the applications 114(1)-114(n) can be resident on an associatedcomputing device, such as a handheld device, and/or other applicationscan be accessed remotely across one or more networks or othercommunication means. Application 114(1) includes input interfaces 116(1)through 116(n), Application 114(2) includes input interfaces 118(1)through 118(n), and Application 114(n) includes input interfaces 120(1)through 120(n). For example, applications 114(1) and 114(2) maycorrespond to a web-based search engine application and an emailapplication respectively, while application 114(n) may correspond to aweb-based banking application.

As shown in FIG. 1, each one of the respective input interfaces caninclude one or more associated input scope values. That is, a pluralityof input scope values can also be assigned to a particular inputinterface, as described below. For example, an input interface, such asan input field, may direct a user to enter a city, state, a zip code,and a country, wherein associated input scope values can be assigned ortagged to the input field. Correspondingly, input scope values can beassociated with the input interface and used to provide one or morecandidates to the user for selection, which can reduce the amount ofinput operations required by the user.

In an embodiment, the IME 102 can operate to provide one or morecandidates associated with an input interface having a plurality ofinput scope values associated therewith. Input from such an interfacecan be used to provide one or more candidates in other input interfacesthat include the same set of input scope values or a superset of theinput scope values included in the original interface. When a userenters a string into an input interface, the IME 102 can operate tostore multiple input scope values per string entry and tag theassociated input data with each of the input scope values associatedwith the input interface. Thereafter, when suggesting one or morecandidates as part of an input to an input interface having a pluralityof input scope values, the IME 102 can determine whether the input scopevalues associated with a potential candidate are the same as or a subsetof the input scope values of the associated input interface currentlybeing used.

For example, consider an input field that has been tagged with a “city”input scope value and with a “state” input scope value. That is, theinput field has been configured to receive inputs associated with cityor state names. If a user enters the word “Idaho” in this input field,the IME 102 can operate to store the string in the input history store108 with the city input scope value and the state input scope value.“Idaho” would then be provided as a suggested candidate when a usersubsequently enters one or more prefix matching characters in an inputfield that includes the “city” and “state” input scope values or asuperset of these values (e.g., input field includes “city”, “state”,and “country” input scope values). In an alternative embodiment, the IME102 can operate to store an entered string multiple times for eachassociated input scope value associated with a multi-valued input field.

For the example above, the IME 102 can store the string “Idaho” twice;once with a city input scope value and again with a state input scopevalue. The two “Idaho” entries can be linked together to avoidpresenting “Idaho” as a candidate for “City” input fields, or for“State” input fields (note that we should not present “Idaho” for“State” fields because we do not actually know whether the entry ismeant to indicate a city or a state). The linking can be accomplished byincluding a pointer with each entry. The first entry should include apointer to the second entry, the second entry should include a pointerto the third entry, and so on, until the last entry which should includea pointer linking back to the first entry. When the entries are solinked, they will form a circular linked list of entries within theinput history store 108. The IME 102 can then traverse this circularlist to identify the set of input scopes that were defined for the inputinterface where the word was entered. Using this information, the IME102 can operate to suggest the string “Idaho” in “City or State” or“City or State or ZIP” input fields.

In one embodiment, once a user has entered a string (e.g., clicked abutton to enter the string in an associated input field, tabbed to adifferent input field, etc.) or selected a candidate from a candidatewindow (e.g., used a stylus to tap and select a candidate, etc.)associated with an input interface having a plurality of input scopes,the IME 102 can operate to store the entered string or selectedcandidate to the input history store 108 with a default input scopevalue. In another embodiment, the IME 102 can operate to store theentered string or selected candidate to the input history store 108 witheach of the input scope values associated with the input interface, asdescribed above. For example, the IME 102 can operate to store aselected candidate as: “selected candidate AND (input scope value 1 orinput scope value 2 or input scope value 3)”.

In an embodiment, the IME 102 can operate to present candidates from theinput history store 108 which have any of a plurality of input scopevalues associated with an input interface currently being used as partof refining a prediction of potential candidates predicted by theprediction component 104. Accordingly, the IME 102 can operate topresent candidates that are most likely relevant to what the user isattempting to enter in the current input interface. For example, assumethat an input field has been tagged with a “city” input scope value anda “state” input scope value. That is, the input field has been assignedtwo input scope values, wherein each of the input scope values can beused to present predicted candidates.

When presenting candidates to the user, the IME 102 can operate topresent or suggest candidates from the input history store 108 thatinclude either city or state names that match the text entered so far inthe input field. Continuing this example, a user might enter “S” and theIME 102 can operate to present a city, such as “Seattle”, and a state,such as “South Dakota”, as candidates in a candidate window or otherselection interface associated with the input field. The user can selecta presented candidate or can enter a different string according to theparticular situation. The IME 102 can store the selected candidateand/or update a probability associated with the selected candidate, orentered string along with the associated input scope value or values tothe input history store 108.

As described above, as a user enters one or more characters of anundetermined input stream or string in an input interface, the IME 102uses the prediction component 104 to predict potential candidates, suchas a string or strings. The potential candidates can be further refinedby using an input scope value or values to limit which candidates areultimately presented to the user. For example, the IME 102 can operateto present relevant candidates while limiting the presentation ofirrelevant candidates by using one or more input scope values as arefinement tool, which can reduce the number of input operationsrequired by the user.

Correspondingly, the IME 102 can assist the user when entering a stringor strings by reducing the amount of keystrokes, pen strokes, or otherinputs as part of an input operation. For example, the IME 102 can usethe prediction component 104 to predict one or more potential words ornumerical strings based on a prefix match against what text the user hasentered so far into an input field and/or other statistical informationstored in the input history store 108. As another example, a user, usinghandwritten input, can tap the display to select a word presented by theIME 102 based in part on one or more handwritten inputs and anassociated input scope value, which can result in a reduction of theamount of pen strokes required to enter a desired word.

In an alternative embodiment, the IME 102 can operate to present one ormore candidates to a user without any user input as long as the inputinterface is in focus (e.g., the cursor is in an input field). In thisembodiment, the IME 102 can present one or more candidates based on aninput scope value or values associated with the input interface. Forexample, the IME 102 can automatically suggest first names from theinput history store 108 when a user places a cursor in an input fieldhaving a first name input scope value.

According to an embodiment, in addition to suggesting candidates as partof entering a string into one input interface, a grouping of such inputinterfaces can be tagged as a class. For example, a Name and Addressclass can use the input of several fields such as First Name, Last Name,Street Address, City, State, Zip Code and Country which can be groupedand saved together. The grouping can be referred to an input scopeclass. An input scope class can be used to auto complete forms that areasking for the same or similar sets of data.

An example of this retrieval would be when filling out a webpagerequesting the Name and Address of an individual. When a user startstyping in the First Name input field, the IME 102 can operate to presenta predicted first name along with all of the associated data for eachfield of the input scope class. When such a candidate is selected, theIME 102 can operate to automatically populate the Last Name, StreetAddress, City, State, Zip Code, and Country fields with the dataassociated with the input scope class. Correspondingly, the amount oftime required to enter data for multiple fields of an associated inputclass can be reduced. Moreover, the number of data input operations arealso reduced as compared to having to enter data into each field one ata time.

In one embodiment, a database component can be included with the storagecomponent 106 and used to track input scope classes and instances of theinput scope classes that have previously been entered. An instance of aninput scope class can consist of a set of strings, wherein the number ofstrings is equal to the number of input scope values that define theinput scope class. Each string corresponds to one of the input scopevalues. For example, the database of input scope classes and associatedinstances can be used when suggesting one or more candidates, includingautomatically completing the input fields with suggested candidates,such as for forms which contain multiple input fields, wherein eachinput field has a unique input scope value.

As one example, assume that there is only one input scope valueassociated with each input field of a form which contains a plurality ofinput fields. An input scope class can be defined by the set of inputscope values associated with the plurality of input fields for the form.Changing the order of the input scope values does not change thedefinition of the class. Table 2 below provides an example of a “firstname, last name, city, state” input scope class and two instances ofsuch as class.

TABLE 2 InputScope Class InputScope Class InputScope Class DefinitionInstance 1 Instance 2 IS_PERSONALNAME_GIVFNNAME “John” “Jane”IS_PERSONALNAME_SURNAME “Doe” “Smith” IS_ADDRESS_CITY “Reardon” “Tacoma”IS_ADDRESS_STATEORPROVINCE “Washington” “Washington”

In an embodiment, an application can register a class with the system100 to enable input scope class prediction for an associated form orother interface. An API can be used to pass a list of edit controls orinput fields associated with an input scope class for the application.Thereafter, the IME 102 can use an API to obtain input scope valuesassociated with edit controls or input fields. The IME 102 can identifythe input scope class using the obtained input scope values for the editcontrols or fields. When one of the edit controls or fields in the formsubsequently receives focus, the IME 102 can operate to identify thatthe control or field is a member of a registered input scope class.

Assuming the sample input scope class shown in Table 2, and that a userentered “J” in the “first name” field of the form. As part of thesuggestion functionality, the IME 102 can present the user with aprediction candidate that would include all of the strings in “Instance1” of the input scope class of Table 2. The IME 102 can operate toidentify candidates of input scope classes that are a logical supersetof a target input scope class. In most cases, a subset of each instanceof these classes, if they exist in the database component, willcorrespond to a valid instance of the target input scope class. The IME102 can also present additional, single-word candidates from the inputhistory store 108 as described above. If the user selects “John, Doe,Reardon, Washington” from the candidate list, the IME 102 can operate topopulate all four fields of the form that map to each field of theassociated input scope class.

When the user submits the form, and if the class instance is new, theIME 102 can operate to save the new instance of the input scope class tothe database component. If the new instance matches an existing instance(i.e. the instance is not really new), the IME 102 can ignore theinstance without a store operation. In another embodiment, anapplication can be configured to specify a subset of input scope valuesbelonging to an input scope class and a format string to use whendisplaying candidates as part of the registration of an input scopeclass with the system 100. As an example, the IME 102 can then operateto present candidates as “John Doe” instead of “John, Doe, Reardon,Washington”.

As described above, components of the system 100 can also be used topredict and suggest candidates for other types of input methods. In anembodiment, the IME 102 can be used to improve accuracy for SpeechRecognition (SR), by restricting or weighting SR grammars that areassociated with input controls that are tagged with input scope values.The grammars can be weighted or restricted to favor words that hadpreviously been entered in fields tagged with the same input scopevalues.

For example, consider a speech grammar set on an input control thatincludes the names Don and Tom. These names can be difficult for aspeech recognition engine to differentiate. However, if the inputcontrol is tagged with the IS_PERSONALNAME_GIVENNAME input scope value,and the user has entered Tom (and not Don) in other input controlstagged with this input scope value, then the IME 102 can operate tosuggest Tom as a more likely candidate and weight the grammar in favorof this name. Correspondingly, the IME 102 can use the input scopevalues and weighting or restriction operations to reduce misrecognitionsof spoken inputs (e.g., Tom as Don (a substitution error)).

Various devices, systems, and interfaces, such as QWERTY keyboarddevices, 12-key devices, and other input devices can use theaforementioned functionality to provide one or more suggested candidatesbased in part on a user input, such as one or more input characters. Forexample, for a 12-key device, when a user presses “2”, the user may beattempting to input a string that begins with an “A”, “B”, or a “C”.Multiple key presses can result in more potential combinations. Forexample, “227” could be the prefix “car”, “bar”, “cap”, etc. Byassociating an input scope identifier with an input field or otherinterface, the potential candidates can be limited accordingly. Forexample, if a user is tying “227” into a zip code field using a 12-keydevice, the IME 102 will only present numeric strings since a zip codeinput scope value is associated with the input field.

As described above, components of the system 100 can be used to presentor suggest one or more candidates based in part on an input identifierin the context of one or more applications, including emailapplications, browsing applications, texting applications, inkingapplications, application with forms to be submitted, speech-basedapplications, and/or some other application or implementation. Forexample, components of the system 100 can operate to predict words,number sequences, alphanumeric sequences, phrases, and other strings orsequences based in part on handwritten input, typed input, speech input,and/or other types of input in conjunction with an input scope value orvalues. One or more candidates can be displayed on a user device, suchas a laptop, desktop, smart phone, or other computing or communicationdevice.

Components of system 100 described above can be implemented as part ofnetworked, distributed, and/or other computer-implemented andcommunication environments. The system 100 can be employed in a varietyof computing environments and applications. For example, the system 100can used with computing devices having networking, security, and othercommunication components configured to provide communicationfunctionality with other computing and/or communication devices. Suchcomputing devices include desktop computers, laptop computers, tabletcomputers, handheld devices (e.g. smart phone, personal data assistant(PDA), ultra-mobile personal computer, etc.), and/or other devices andsystems.

The embodiments described herein can be used with a number ofapplications, systems, and other devices and are not limited to anyparticular implementation or architecture. Moreover, certain componentsand functionalities can be implemented either in hardware or software.While certain embodiments include software implementations, they are notso limited and they encompass hardware, or mixed hardware/softwaresolutions. Also, while certain data structures, component features, andpredictive functionality has been described herein, the embodiments arenot so limited and can include more complex data structures, features,and other functionality. Accordingly, the embodiments and examplesdescribed herein are not intended to be limiting and other embodimentsare available.

Referring now to FIGS. 2A and 2B, an example of using one or more inputscope values to present one or more candidates to a user is shown. Adisplay 200 of a mobile computing device is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Asshown in FIG. 2A, a user is using a search application 202 to search theweb for some information. In this example, the user has entered the text“Spider-man Spandex” in a search window 204 having a default input scopeattribute and associated value and a city “Spokane” in a city window 206having a city input scope attribute and associated value. After enteringthe text, the IME 102 operates to store the strings “Spider-man” and“Spandex” with default input scope values, and the string “Spokane” withthe city input scope value to the input history store 108.

Next, as part of a subsequent search, the user enters the text “SaltySeafood” in the search window 204 and “Seattle” in the city window 206of the search application 202 and executes the search. The IME 102 hasstored the strings “Salt” and “Seafood” with default input scope values,and “Seattle” with the city input scope value to the input history store108. For this example, the input history store 108 now includes sixstrings which begin with the letter “S”. Moreover, Seattle and Spokanewere stored with an input scope value corresponding to the cityattribute due to the associated city window 206 tag and the remainingwords were stored with an input scope value corresponding to the defaultattribute due to the associated search window 204 tag. While the wordsare stored as unitary strings, the IME 102 can also store data asphrases, classes, and other data structures.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the user is now using a weather application 208 todetermine weather information associated with a city. While oneapplication is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the applications may both beopen at the same time, and the mobile device may also have otherapplications open and/or running. For this example, the user has enteredthe letter “S” into a city window 210 which also includes the city inputscope attribute and associated value. The cursor 214 illustrates thatthe city window 210 has focus and the user has not yet entered acomplete word or selected a candidate.

As part of the suggestion process and using the input character “S”, theIME 102 uses the prediction component 104 to provide two potentialcandidates, “Spokane” and “Seattle”, in a candidate window 212 based inpart on a prefix matching determination against input data of the inputhistory store 108 having the city input scope value. As described above,the prediction component 104 can also be configured to operate with adifferent type of predictive functionality. For example, the predictioncomponent 104 can include a candidate provider to return a potentialcandidate based on a probability model and/or statistical data, such asusage frequency, n-gram models, temporal data, etc.

Since the other strings having the default input scope values are notconsidered for prediction, the amount and time of processing can bereduced while increasing the speed at which candidates are ultimatelypresented to the user. If an input scope value was not used to refinethe potential candidates, and assuming that the candidate window wasconfigured to display only four candidates, the IME 102 may not havepresented “Spokane” due to the five other words beginning with ‘s’ thathad recently been added to the input history store.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of presenting one ormore candidates to a user based in part on an input identifierassociated with an input interface, under an embodiment. The componentsof FIG. 1 are used in describing the flow diagram, but the embodiment isnot so limited. At 300, a user interacts with an input interface withthe intention of entering a particular string. As described above, oneor more input interfaces can be associated with an application toreceive user input. For example, a mobile device user can activate aninput control by clicking on the control which, when activated, isconfigured to receive the user's input, including handwritten, spoken,typed, tapped, pressed, and other input types according to the devicefunctionality.

At 302, the IME 102 can operate to identify an input identifier that isassociated with the input interface currently in use. In one embodiment,the IME 102 can use an API to identify an input scope value or valuesassociated with the input interface, such as an input control or fieldfor example. An API can also be used to associate, modify, or remove oneor more input scopes associated with an input interface. For example, auser, such as an application developer, can use the API to tag aselected input field or control with one or more input scope values. AnAPI can also be used to identify an input scope class associated with aplurality of input fields. Besides using an API to tag a selected inputfield, fields can also be assigned one or more input scope values in aresource or similar configuration file.

At 304, the user can use an input device, such as a keyboard,microphone, keypad, stylus, or other input device to enter a part of astring, such as one or more alphanumeric or other characters, into theinput interface. As described above, the IME 102 can also operate toautomatically present one or more candidates absent any input by theuser based in part on the input scope value or values associated withthe particular input interface in use and input history data stored inthe storage component 106.

At 306, the IME 102 uses the prediction component 104 to identify one ormore prefix matching candidates having the proper input scope value orvalues using the input history data stored in the storage component 106.In one embodiment, the IME 102 can first use the prediction component104 to identify any prefix matching candidates using the input historydata stored in the storage component 106. Thereafter, the IME 102 canoperate to filter any prefix matching candidates according to the inputscope value or values identified at 302 and only present prefix matchingcandidates having the proper input scope value or values.

In another embodiment, the IME 102 can be configured to first filter theinput history data according to the input scope value or valuesidentified at 302 and then use the prediction component 104 to identifyprefix matching candidates from the filtered data for an appropriateinput scope value or values. Thereafter, the IME 102 can present one ormore prefix matching candidates having the proper input scope value orvalues to the user. In other embodiments, the prediction component 104can be configured to predict one or more candidates using a differenttype of prediction or statistical model, as described above. The IME 102can also identify one or more candidates using data from the fixed datastore 110 and/or dictionary 112 if there is no input scope assigned tothe current input interface or if the current input interface has adefault input scope value associated therewith.

At 308, the IME 102 can operate to present the one or more identifiedcandidates to the user based in part on the input scope value or valuesassociated with the input interface. For example, the IME 102 canoperate to present one or more identified word or phrase candidates aspart of a candidate window (see window 212 of FIG. 2B) in an associateddevice display. As described above, the IME 102 can also presentcandidates having different input scope values when an input interfaceis tagged with multiple input scope values. As an example, assume thatan input interface, such as an edit control, is tagged with a “city”input scope value and a “state” input scope value. In such as case, theIME 102 can suggest city and state names from the input history datathat match the text entered so far. For example, a user might enter “S”into the input interface having city and state input scope values and bepresented with suggestions of “Seattle” and “South Dakota”.

At 310, the user can complete and enter a string if a desired candidateis not available. For example, a user may enter a word into the inputinterface that was not presented in a candidate window by the IME 102.Optionally, the user can select a candidate from the one or morecandidates presented by the IME 102. If the user enters a string intothe input interface, at 312, the IME 102 can operate to store the stringand the associated input scope value or values to the input historystore 108.

If the user selects a presented candidate, at 312, the IME 102 canoperate to update statistical data associated with selected candidateand input scope value or values. For example, the IME 102 can increase aprobability or weighting factor associated with the selected candidatewhile reducing a probability or weighting factor associated with each ofthe unselected candidates. Accordingly, the IME 102 can use theprobabilities and/or other statistical information to suggestcandidates. For example, the IME 102 can suggest prefix matchingcandidates with higher probabilities before suggesting prefix matchingcandidates having lower probabilities. Accordingly, candidates withhigher probabilities can be presented higher in a list of suggestcandidates in a candidate interface.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of presenting one ormore candidates in a second application based in part on input to afirst application, under an embodiment. Again, the components of FIG. 1are used in describing the flow diagram of FIG. 4, but the embodiment isnot so limited. The functionality of the IME 102 can be linked to eachapplication. For example, a dynamic link library can be associated withthe IME 102 and linked to each application.

At 400, an input field of a first application is tagged with an inputscope value. For example, a developer or other user can use an API totag the input field with an appropriate input scope value. An API canalso be used to associate a plurality of input fields with an inputscope class. An example API to tag an input field with an input scopevalue is as follows:

HRESULT SetInputScope(  [in] HWND hwnd,  [in] InputScope inputscope );

The new input scope value replaces any previously set input scope valuefor an associated input field.

Another example API that can be used to tag an input field with one ormore input scope values is as follows:

HRESULT SetInputScopes(  [in] HWND hwnd,  [in] const InputScope*pInputScopes,  [in] UINT cInputScopes,  [in] LPCWSTR *ppszPhraseList, [in] UINT cPhrases,  [in] WCHAR *pszRegExp,  //Reserved, NULL [in]WCHAR *pszSRGS //Speech recognition grammar rules );

At 402, a user inputs and enters data in the input field of the firstapplication. For example, a user may enter an email address as part of alogin operation to a login field of an application. At 404, the IME 102operates to identify the input scope value associated with the inputfield. For example, the IME 102 can use an API to identify the inputscope value of an associated input field. An example API to identify aninput scope value or multiple input scope values of an input field orfields is as follows:

HRESULT GetInputScopes( [in] HWND hwnd, [out] InputScope**pprgInputScopes, [out] UINT *pcCount );

The API can operate to return a default input scope value if the inputfield has no currently assigned input scope value or values.

At 406, the IME 102 operates to store the entered data and theassociated input scope value or values to the input data history store108. At 408, an input field of a second application is tagged with thesame input scope value that was tagged to the input field of the firstapplication. As described above, an API can be used to tag the inputfield of the second application with one or more input scope values. At410, the user inputs data to the input field of the second application.For example, a user may use soft keys of a keypad to enter one or morealphanumeric characters in the input field of the second application.

At 412, the IME 102 operates to identify one or more input scope valuesthat may be associated with the input field currently being used by theuser. As described above, the IME 102 can use an API to identify one ormore input scope values associated with the input field having focus. At414, the IME 102 can use the prediction component 104 and the one ormore identified input scope values associated with the input field ofthe second application to present one or more candidates to the userusing data stored in the input history store 108 which now includes thedata entered into the input field of the first application.

As described above, the IME 102 can refine the presentation ofcandidates by only presenting candidates which have the proper inputscope value or values determined at 412. Correspondingly, the IME 102 isoperable to present the most relevant candidates to the user forselecting without having the user enter the entire candidate string,thereby also reducing the number of input operations. The presentationof the one or more candidates can be further tuned according to anassociated predictive functionality of the prediction component 104.

While a certain order and number of operations are described withrespect to FIGS. 3 and 4, the order and/or number of operations can bechanged according to a desired implementation. Accordingly, otherembodiments are available.

Exemplary Operating Environment

Referring now to FIG. 5, the following discussion is intended to providea brief, general description of a suitable computing environment inwhich embodiments of the invention may be implemented. While theinvention will be described in the general context of program modulesthat execute in conjunction with program modules that run on anoperating system on a personal computer, those skilled in the art willrecognize that the invention may also be implemented in combination withother types of computer systems and program modules.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, and other types of structures that perform particular tasksor implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled inthe art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with othercomputer system configurations, including handheld devices,multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumerelectronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. Theinvention may also be practiced in distributed computing environmentswhere tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linkedthrough a communications network. In a distributed computingenvironment, program modules may be located in both local and remotememory storage devices.

Referring now to FIG. 5, an illustrative operating environment forembodiments of the invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 5,computer 2 comprises a general purpose desktop, laptop, handheld,tablet, or other type of computer capable of executing one or moreapplication programs. The computer 2 includes at least one centralprocessing unit 8 (“CPU”), a system memory 12, including a random accessmemory 18 (“RAM”), a read-only memory (“ROM”) 20, a textual store 25,and a system bus 10 that couples the memory to the CPU 8. A basicinput/output system containing the basic routines that help to transferinformation between elements within the computer, such as duringstartup, is stored in the ROM 20.

The computer 2 further includes a mass storage device 14 for storing anoperating system 32, application programs, and other program modules.The mass storage device 14 is connected to the CPU 8 through a massstorage controller (not shown) connected to the bus 10. The mass storagedevice 14 and its associated computer-readable media providenon-volatile storage for the computer 2. Although the description ofcomputer-readable media contained herein refers to a mass storagedevice, such as a hard disk or CD-ROM drive, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that computer-readable media can be anyavailable media that can be accessed or utilized by the computer 2.

By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media maycomprise computer storage media and communication media. Computerstorage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable andnon-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storageof information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but isnot limited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solidstate memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (“DVD”), orother optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store the desired information and which can be accessed bythe computer 2.

According to various embodiments, the computer 2 may operate in anetworked environment using logical connections to remote computersthrough a network 4, such as a local network, the Internet, etc. forexample. The computer 2 may connect to the network 4 through a networkinterface unit 16 connected to the bus 10. It should be appreciated thatthe network interface unit 16 may also be utilized to connect to othertypes of networks and remote computing systems. The computer 2 may alsoinclude an input/output controller 22 for receiving and processing inputfrom a number of input types, including a keyboard, mouse, keypad, pen,stylus, finger, speech-based, and/or other means. Other input means areavailable including combinations of various input means. Similarly, aninput/output controller 22 may provide output to a display, a printer,or other type of output device. Additionally, a touch screen or otherdigitized device can serve as an input and an output mechanism.

As mentioned briefly above, a number of program modules and data filesmay be stored in the mass storage device 14 and RAM 18 of the computer2, including an operating system 32 suitable for controlling theoperation of a networked personal computing device, such as the WINDOWSoperating systems from MICROSOFT CORPORATION of Redmond, Wash. forexample. The mass storage device 14 and RAM 18 may also store one ormore program modules. In particular, the mass storage device 14 and theRAM 18 may store other application programs, such as a word processingapplication 28, an inking application 30, e-mail application 34, drawingapplication, browser application, etc.

It should be appreciated that various embodiments of the presentinvention can be implemented (1) as a sequence of computer implementedacts or program modules running on a computing system and/or (2) asinterconnected machine logic circuits or circuit modules within thecomputing system. The implementation is a matter of choice dependent onthe performance requirements of the computing system implementing theinvention. Accordingly, logical operations including related algorithmscan be referred to variously as operations, structural devices, acts ormodules. It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that theseoperations, structural devices, acts and modules may be implemented insoftware, firmware, special purpose digital logic, and any combinationthereof without deviating from the spirit and scope of the presentinvention as recited within the claims set forth herein.

Although the invention has been described in connection with variousexemplary embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art willunderstand that many modifications can be made thereto within the scopeof the claims that follow. Accordingly, it is not intended that thescope of the invention in any way be limited by the above description,but instead be determined entirely by reference to the claims thatfollow.

1. A system to provide one or more candidates comprising: a memorycomponent including: an input history store having stored input data andinput identifiers associated with the input data; and, an input methodeditor (IME) in communication with the memory component, the IMEincluding: a prediction component operative to identify one or morepotential candidates stored in the memory component based in part onzero or more input characters and a prediction determination, whereinthe IME is operative to identify the one or more candidates from the oneor more potential candidates based in part on an input identifierassociated with an input interface currently in use.
 2. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the input identifiers associated with the input datacomprise input scope values.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein theprediction component is further operative to predict the one or morepotential candidates by identifying one or more prefix matchingcandidates based in part on one or more input characters and a prefixmatching operation.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the IME is furtheroperative to present the one or more candidates in a candidate interfaceassociated with an application input field.
 5. The system of claim 4,wherein the IME is further operative to present the one or morecandidates associated with a first input field of a first applicationbased in part on an input to a second input field of a secondapplication, wherein the first input field includes an identical numberand type of input scope values as the second input field or a supersetof the input scope values that are associated with the second inputfield.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory component furtherincludes a fixed data store having one or more fixed data sets, and adictionary, wherein the IME is further operative to suggest the one ormore candidates from the fixed data store and the dictionary.
 7. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the IME is further operative to use anapplication programming interface (API) to identify one or more inputscope values associated with an application input field.
 8. The systemof claim 1, wherein the IME is further operative to use an API toidentify an input scope class associated with a plurality of applicationinput fields.
 9. The system of claim 9, wherein the IME is furtheroperative to automatically populate the plurality of application inputfields with one or more presented candidates using a class instancestored in the input history store.
 10. The system of claim 1, whereinthe IME is further operative to store an input string to the inputhistory store with a default input scope when an input field includes aplurality of associated input scope values.
 11. The system of claim 1,wherein the IME is further operative to store an input string to theinput history store with a collection of input scope values when aninput field includes a plurality of associated input scope values. 12.The system of claim 1, wherein the IME is further operative to store acollection of input strings to the input history store as an instance ofan input scope class when an input form includes a plurality of inputfields, and where each input field is assigned one or more input scopevalues according to an input scope class definition.
 13. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising an application having one or more inputfields, wherein each input field includes one or more associated inputscope values.
 14. A computer readable storage medium includingexecutable instructions which, when executed, present one or morecandidates by: receiving user input to a first input interface of afirst application; identifying an input identifier associated with thefirst input interface of the first application; storing the user inputand the identified input identifier; receiving user input to a secondinput interface of a second application; identifying an input identifierassociated with the second input interface of the second application;predicting one or more candidates based in part on a prediction model,the user input to the second input interface and previously stored inputdata; and, suggesting one or more candidates from the one or morepredicted candidates based in part on the identified input identifierassociated with the second input interface.
 15. The computer readablestorage medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed,further operate to store an entered string to storage with a pluralityof input scope values that are associated with an input field.
 16. Thecomputer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instructions,when executed, are further operative to identify an input scope classassociated with a plurality of input fields.
 17. The computer readablestorage medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed, arefurther operative to automatically populate the plurality of inputfields with an instance of the identified input scope class based inpart on a selection of the one or more presented candidates.
 18. Amethod of suggesting one or more candidate strings based in part on auser input, the method comprising: determining an input scope valueassociated with an input interface; identifying one or more prefixmatching candidate strings using zero or more characters input to theinput interface; filtering the one or more prefix matching candidatestrings based in part on the input scope value to identify the one ormore candidate strings; and presenting the one or more candidate stringsin a candidate interface.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprisingstoring an entered string and the associated input scope value tostorage for use in subsequent prediction operations.
 20. The method ofclaim 18, further comprising defining an input scope class for aplurality of input fields of an application, wherein the defined inputscope class includes a plurality of input scope values.